Werner Braune was born on 11 April 1909 in the village of Mehrstedt, then part of the German Empire. In November 1934 Braune became a member of the SS and the same year he started working for the SD, which was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Germany under Hitler’s regime. The Second World War started on 1 September 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded Poland. In 1940, Werner Braune became Gestapo chief, first in Koblenz, then at the State Police Office in Wesermünde, and finally, in May 1941, in Halle. The German invasion of the Soviet Union began on Sunday, 22 June 1941. From October 1941 to early September 1942, Werner Braune served as the commander of Special Detachment 11b, a unit within the Einsatzgruppe D, the Nazi mobile death squad. Einsatzgruppe D operated under the command of Otto Ohlendorf, who would later be executed as a war criminal. Braune was not the only member of his family involved in Nazi atrocities—his younger brother, Fritz Braune, commanded Sonderkommando 4b. Sonderkommandos were work units made up of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber victims during the Holocaust. As Werner Braune’s Einsatzgruppe D advanced through the occupied Soviet territories, its operations extended across Ukraine, Moldova, and Crimea. he former autonomous Soviet republic on the Crimean Peninsula with more than 1,1 milion citizens was home to significant Jewish and Krymchak population, which became one of the Nazis’ primary targets.
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