President Donald Trump has long craved Greenland, a large island in the North Atlantic controlled by Denmark. He has played a game of chicken by threatening to conquer the island and even vowed at a July NATO summit in Ankara to take Greenland for the United States. He has repeatedly posted a meme of his face acquisitively looming over a Greenlandic village with the slogan “Hello Greenland!”

Now Greenland Energy, a company created by Trump supporter Larry Swets of Texas last year in the midst of Trump’s imperialist rhetoric toward the island, has started moving drilling equipment to East Greenland’s Arctic basin. They claim they will mine $1 trillion in crude oil beneath the Jameson Land region. Both Denmark and Greenland are protesting. And, as one prominent TV news anchor pointed out, America may have in effect begun to invade Greenland.

“The minister in charge of mineral resources in the Greenland government did a local interview in Greenland in which he said he was absolutely sure this American oil company would never break the law and try to start this drilling project without permission,” MS NOW’s Rachel Maddow explained. “Should that happen, he said, Greenland has the means to stop their actions. He said, ‘This is a society governed by the rule of law, so I have some broad-shouldered men in black uniforms in the first instance who can help me deal with some illegal activities if I ask for them’ — by which he means, I think, the Greenlandic police. Then he said, ‘Ultimately, I’m sure that the Arctic Command will also contribute’ — by which he means the Danish military would also, he believes, intervene to stop this American oil company from trying to drill for oil in Greenland without any permission to do so.”

Maddow added, “So you put all this together: this Trump-aligned oil company based in Texas saying, ‘We’re going to drill for oil in Greenland.’ Greenland saying, ‘Oh, no, you’re not.’ The company going ahead and dropping off their drilling equipment anyway. Local residents saying, ‘We’ll fight tooth and nail.’ The local government saying, ‘We’ll use the police, we’ll use the Danish military.’ You put it all together, and it kind of seems like we’re invading Greenland. I mean, this company has somehow hornswoggled itself into a partnership with Dr. Phil to make what sure looks like propaganda TV shows about this ‘heroic and exciting’ oil-drilling project — which the government of Greenland says is illegal, and which they don’t have permission to carry out.”

Ultimately she asked, “Honestly — is this how we invade Greenland? With Dr. Phil doing a ride-along, like he did with ICE [which Greenland Energy says they are going to do]? All because a Trump donor billionaire says he needs to drill this oil, and who cares what this little country says?”

If America invades Greenland, the European Union could activate its Anti-Coercion Instrument, a series of boycotts and trade restrictions that would effectively devastate America’s economy in retaliation for violating the sovereignty of European nations.

“The EU’s single market counts roughly 450 million consumers,” wrote the German Marshall Fund’s Antonia Wunnerlich and Georgina Wright in February. “As a result, these tools can have significant extraterritorial impact, even targeting foreign businesses without European subsidiaries. US and Chinese services firms are particularly exposed because their home countries run sizeable services surpluses with the EU.”

Additionally, Greenland’s ice sheet is melting as a result of man-made climate change, which is destabilizing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. If the situation worsens, it could lead to rising sea levels, widespread floods, severe storms and other extreme weather events.

“That rate of Greenland melt is approaching or exceeding rates of melt during natural warming periods over the past 12,000 years is not surprising,” Michael Mann, at the time a professor of atmospheric science at Penn State University, told this journalist for Salon in 2020. “It’s what I would expect given the evidence we have already.” He also said that one of his studies found “evidence of the freshening of the sub-polar North Atlantic that we would expect as Greenland continues to melt. That freshening is reducing the stratification of the ocean and likely slowing down the ‘conveyor belt’ ocean circulation (the real-world equivalent of the ‘The Day After Tomorrow’ scenario) showing how these potentially threshold-like climate responses are potentially linked.”

Mann added, “As I am fond of saying, uncertainty is not our friend. It’s cutting against us, not in our favor, as we see and learn more.”

– YouTube youtu.be

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A “centaur” is a human helped by a machine: the person sets the direction, the machine supplies the horsepower, and together they are better than either one alone.

If you’re an artist or you love one, or if you nodded along to his last book, Enshittification, this one will make you feel seen and it will stoke your burning anger. If you want an accurate forecast of where AI is heading and a plan for what to do about it, the book is more likely to mislead than inform you.

In Doctorow’s writing, the history of industrial relations is the history of bosses finding new ways not to pay workers, “from stealing their wages […] to misclassifying workers as contractors […] to offshoring jobs”. AI, in his telling, is the latest instrument: fire workers and replace them with a chatbot, or keep them on as reverse centaurs, babysitting one.

Doctorow describes himself as an activist. Judged as activism, the book is fun. He writes better than the AIs, so his job is safe for now.

Most of it landed on schedule, and its authors publicly graded their own misses. This is what you need for a guide: people making clear predictions you can score; people who care whether or not they’re right.

Yes, AI companies want to make money

There’s a problem baked into any paperback about AI. You can’t write about AI in the present tense, because by the time your book is printed, it’s from the past. Doctorow drafted this book in mid-2025, and his catalogue of AI problems is drawn from that era.

The public is with him on the need for action: in our national survey, 80% of Australians said preventing catastrophic outcomes from AI should be a global priority and 86% wanted a dedicated regulator.

We can look at the risks here now and the bigger ones coming down the tracks. We can let our representatives know we’d like the train to slow down. Middle powers such as Australia need a seat at the table where the route is being set.

But this book can’t tell us what to regulate, because it never skates to where the puck is going.

Review: The Reverse Centaur’s Guide to Life After AI: How to Think About Artificial Intelligence Before It’s Too Late by Cory Doctorow (Verso)

Booing the train from the station doesn’t change what happens on board.

Written in the present tense, published in the past

Those “chatterbox slot machines” have become so good at code that the US government deemed them unsafe to release. They complete tasks that take skilled engineers hours. In, July a model being tested broke free of its “sandbox” to hack a website holding the answers to the test.

If you did follow this plan, you might oppose data-centre construction, shelter the jobs AI touches, or slow the spread of AI. These might be politically popular, but they slow the wrong thing. If you slow your own country’s use of AI, the frontier races on regardless. To slow the right thing, you need to see what’s coming.

Some of this was defensible when he wrote it, but it has aged poorly since. More training has led to more capabilities. Those “overhyped” agents have found counterexamples to mathematical problems that have evaded humans for more than 80 years.

Tech activist Cory Doctorow’s nightmare is the reverse centaur: a human conscripted to serve a machine. His key example is the delivery driver whose route, pace and bathroom breaks are dictated by an algorithm. The machine does the thinking; the human supplies a cheap, disposable body.

Doctorow would say this is me feeding the hype machine, and there’ll always be jobs AI could never do. That might be true, but the frontier AI companies aren’t trying for that (yet). They focus on software engineering because their first goal is to automate machine-learning research itself. If they do that, they can make AI that builds itself. If they succeed, AI will get much better, and fast, unless the government does something to slow it down.

I’m sure I have biases too. We all do. The problem isn’t the bias, nor the book’s unabashed advocacy, but that you need to see problems clearly to come up with good solutions.

The book is a “guide to life after AI” that offers nothing to do but pick a side and boo.

Doctorow repeatedly says this goal of “smarter-than-human AI” is impossible. He says more compute and more data will never lead to superintelligence. Stanford University’s founder, an early railroad tycoon, had a ruthless horse-breeding program, producing some of the fastest horses ever seen – but as Doctorow writes, Stanford never expected a mare to “give birth to a locomotive”.

I don’t read industrial history quite that darkly. But Doctorow’s reading of it shows his cards – and who he’s writing for.

The pot calling the kettle biased

Early last year, a team of seasoned AI forecasters published AI 2027: a detailed, month-by-month scenario of the next few years of AI, led by former OpenAI researcher Daniel Kokotajlo, with some of the world’s top-ranked forecasters. It was read by more than a million people, including US Vice President JD Vance. It predicted record data centre build-outs, useful-but-unreliable agents, Chinese labs squeezing more from less compute, and models caught scheming in evaluations.

When we see biases in others but not in ourselves, we call it the bias blind spot. Doctorow counts every AI failure and dismisses every success as a salesman’s pitch. Scope neglect makes big numbers hard to feel compared with individual victims. Doctorow grieves the lost job for the illustrator we can see, while claiming catastrophic risks to millions of lives are “not real”.

Doctorow is the science fiction novelist who gave us “enshittification”: the word for how tech platforms start off as free and amazing, until tech companies need to turn a profit – then you become the product, and the platform becomes sludge.

The AI companies aren’t training horses expecting to pop out a locomotive. They’re building the train directly. Doctorow writes like someone who doesn’t want to look up because he’ll realise he’s on the tracks.

What does Doctorow advise?

Cory Doctorow will be in Australia this month for the Festival of Dangerous Ideas.

• stop repeating claims about what AI can do, or you’re part of the problem
• remember most current uses of AI “are terrible and should be banned”
• pick the anti-AI side of the fence
• pop the AI bubble.

AI agents promise to not just respond with text, but to go away and achieve goals; Doctorow says this is merely hype. And while people were trying to make AI better by training them for longer with more data, he said this was like trying to build “the world’s heaviest airplane”.

As Doctorow puts it: “The social arrangements of technology are a choice, not an inevitability.”

Even so, I agree with a lot of the book’s other claims. Yes, AI companies want to make money and the companies adopting AI want to save money. Yes, AI can be a siren’s song, atrophying our skills while drawing us toward the rocks. And yes, if we hand more and more of our decisions to AI, it ends badly for society, so we should be doing things now to avert that.

He waves it away as science fiction, on the authority of being a science fiction writer, but he doesn’t see the non-sequitur. Video calls and pocket computers were once science fiction too.

Doctorow catalogues the AI boosters’ biases: the vivid jackpot of one lucky prompt that keeps AI users coming back, the automation blindness of humans reviewing AI outputs. But every bias in his own catalogue runs one way, towards calling AI “hype”.

1. Require companies to disclose the goals they train their models to pursue, so others can see if there are safety issues that are hard to notice yourself
2. Disclose the gap between the AI they use internally and what the public sees, so we know if AI is improving itself behind closed doors
3. Cap the share of compute spent on AI improving AI, so the newest AI comes out at a pace society can respond to
4. Track and control AI chips like we do uranium, so we know all this is being enforced.

If you want your outrage at the AI industry stoked and your side of the fence confirmed, you’ll likely enjoy the book. But if you want to know the truth about where AI is heading, this book will leave you misinformed. If you want to know what to do about it, it will leave you powerless.

This time, he argues the AI industry’s most valuable product is a lie: “AI is about to make workers obsolete.” Every time we repeat the lie, we help a salesman convince our boss to replace us with cheaper software that can’t properly do our job.

All grievance and no map

Doctorow closes with the right point: what matters most about a technology is “who it does it for, and who it does it to”. A centaur only earns its keep when the human head does the looking ahead. Refuse to look down the tracks and you get advocacy, enshittified: all grievance and no map.

Coding assistants aim to help people like me write computer code faster, or write in languages we haven’t actually learned. He described these coding assistants as “chatterbox slot machines” where you only occasionally hit the jackpot of working code.

The subtitle promises to tell you “how to think about AI before it’s too late”. The guidance amounts to:

People already dislike AI, and most want stronger regulation. Yes, we should ban some uses of AI (like the European Union already does), but popping the bubble is not a plan.

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Dramatic live visuals from Spain’s North African enclave of Ceuta show migrants gathered along the coastline as Spanish security forces monitor one of the European Union’s most sensitive borders. Spanish authorities reported an unprecedented surge in migrant crossings, intensifying concerns over border security, migration policy, and Spain-Morocco relations. For more details, watch our story and subscribe to our channel, DRM News.

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LIVE: Ceuta Border Crisis as Migrants Gather on Beach and Spanish Security Responds | AC1B
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