After Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, he immediately began preparing Germany for war. One of his first actions was to rebuild and expand the German military, which had been significantly restricted by the Treaty of Versailles. By 1935, he openly defied the Treaty by reintroducing conscription and increasing the size of the army. Additionally, Hitler established the Luftwaffe, Germany’s air force, and expanded the navy, significantly boosting Germany’s military capabilities.
The Second World War started on 1 September 1939, when Germany invaded Poland.The early stages of the war saw rapid German advances in Europe, with the fall of Poland, the invasion of France, and the evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk in 1940.Following the successful campaign in France, Hitler set his sights on the Soviet Union.The German invasion of the Soviet Union began on Sunday, 22 June 1941. For Nazi Germany this attack was not an “ordinary” military operation. The war against the Soviet Union was a war of annihilation between German fascism and Soviet communism; a racial war between German “Aryans” and subhuman Slavs and Jews.On 30 June, German commanders instructed their troops to strengthen their hold east of Rowno. One unit, the 119th Infantry Regiment, was tasked with securing the eastern approach. Simultaneously, a separate battalion was ordered to advance northwest towards the town of Klewan to prevent further Soviet breakthroughs. This dangerous assignment was given to Hauptmann Dr. Keller and his battalion from the 35th Infantry Regiment.
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