Élisabeth Pelletier de Chambure, known as Lily, was born on the 9th of March 1902 in Paris in France. Her parents were wealthy Catholics and the family’s ancestors included the Napoleonic general Laurent Augustin Pelletier de Chambure who took part in Napoleon’s campaigns in Prussia, Poland and Spain.The Second World War began on the 1st of September 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded Poland. The German invasion of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands started on the 10th of May 1940 and became known as the Battle of France. Paris fell on the 14th of June, and 8 days later France signed an armistice with Germany which went into effect on the 25th of June 1940.Hitler’s map now showed a dark belt of occupied territory stretching from the Arctic Circle to the Pyrenees, interrupted only by the pale patch of unoccupied south-eastern France that the armistice left to the French administration, at least on paper.In June 1940, when France surrendered to Germany, there were approximately 350,000 Jews in the country. Following the Wannsee Conference on the 20th of January 1942, German authorities prepared for the deportation of Jews from France and other western European countries. An initial transport of more than 1,000 Jews left from Compiègne for Auschwitz on the 27th of March 1942. By August 1944, some 77,000 Jews living on French territory perished in concentration camps and killing centers — the overwhelming majority of them at Auschwitz — or died in detention on French soil.The Allied landing in Normandy on the 6th of June 1944 initiated the liberation of France. The French Résistance played a significant role in aiding Allied armies in this effort and less than 3 months later on the 25th of August 1944, German forces in Paris surrendered. On the following day, General Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Free French Forces and President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, marched triumphantly into the French capital. However, for Élisabeth the liberation came too late.
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